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Status of Newfoundland Trade Marks Under the Canadian Trade-marks Act

2003-01-01

ROBIC,LLPwww.robic.ca
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STATUSOFNEWFOUNDLANDTRADEMARKSUNDERTHECANADIAN
TRADE-MARKSACT

LAURENTCARRIÈRE*
ROBIC,
LLP
L
AWYERS,PATENT&TRADEMARKAGENTS

Textofsection
1.0RelatedSections
2.0RelatedRegulations
3.0CorrespondingSectionsinPriorLegislation3.1S.C.1949,c.6,s.26.
3.2R.S.C.1952,c.274,s.61.
3.3S.C.1953,c.49,s.65&66.
3.4S.C.1970,c.T-10,s.67&68.
4.0Purpose
5.0Commentary5.1History
5.2Rightsarising
5.3PriorNewfoundlandLegislation
5.4
5.5EditorialComment
5.6SavingClause
5.7SecondEditorialComment
6.0CaseLaw6.1Newfounland
6.2Canada
7.0ListofCases7.1Newfoundland
7.2Canada
8.0Authors8.1Canada
8.2Varia
9.0Varia9.1OfTradeMarksandtheRegistrationthereof

©CIPS,2003.*Lawyerandtrade-markagent,LaurentCarrièreisapartnerwithROBIC,LLP,amultidisciplinaryfirmof
lawyers,patentandtrademarkagents.Thistextispartofacommentonsections67and68ofthe
Trade-marksActpublishedinRobic-Leger’sCanadianTrade-marksActAnnotated(Toronto,
Carswell,1984),asup-dated.Publication303.

NEWFOUNDLAND
TERRE-NEUVE

REGISTRATIONOFTRADE-MARK
BEFOREAPRIL1,1949ENREGISTREMENTD’UNEMARQUE
DECOMMERCE-TERRE-NEUVE

67.(1)Theregistrationofatrade
markunderthelawsof
NewfoundlandbeforeApril1,1949
hasthesameforceandeffectinthe
ProvinceofNewfoundlandasif
Newfoundlandhadnotbecomepart
ofCanada,andallrightsand
privilegesacquiredunderorbyvirtue
ofthoselawsmaycontinuetobe
exercisedorenjoyedintheProvince
ofNewfoundlandasifNewfoundland
hadnotbecomepartofCanada.67.(1)L’enregistrementd’une
marquedecommercesouslerégime
desloisdeTerre-Neuve,dansleur
versiondu31mars1949,alemême
effetquesiTerre-Neuven’étaitpas
devenueuneprovinceduCanada,les
droitsetprivilègesendécoulant
pouvantcontinuerd’yêtreexercés.

APPLICATIONSFORTRADE-MARKS
PENDINGAPRIL1,1949DEMANDED’ENREGISTREMENTEN
SUSPENSLE1erAVRIL1949

(2)ThelawsofNewfoundlandasthey
existedimmediatelybeforeApril1,
1949continuetoapplyinrespectof
applicationsfortheregistrationof
trademarksunderthelawsof
Newfoundlandpendingatthattime
andanytrademarksregisteredunder
thoseapplicationsshall,forthe
purposesofthissection,bedeemed
tohavebeenregisteredunderthe
lawsofNewfoundlandbeforeApril1,
1949.(2)LesloisdeTerre-Neuve,dansleur
versiondu31mars1949,continuent
derégirlesdemandes
d’enregistrementdemarquesde
commercealorsensuspens.Les
marquesdecommerceenregistrées
enconséquencesontréputées,pour
l’applicationduprésentarticle,
l’avoirétéauxtermesdeceslois.

USEOFTRADE-MARKORTRADE-
NAMEBEFOREAPRIL1,1949EMPLOID’UNEMARQUEDE
COMMERCE-TERRE-NEUVE

ForthepurposesofthisAct,theuse
ormakingknownofatrademarkor
theuseofatrade-namein
NewfoundlandbeforeApril1,1949
shallnotbedeemedtobeauseor
makingknownofsuchtrademarkor
auseofsuchtrade-nameinCanada
beforethatdate.Pourl’applicationdelaprésenteloi,
l’emploioularévélationd’une
marquedecommerceoul’emploi
d’unnomcommercial,àTerre-Neuve,
avantle
1eravril1949,n’estpascensé
constituerunemploiouune
révélationdecettemarqueouun
emploidecenom,avantcettedate,
auCanada.

S.C.1993,c.15,s.71

§1.0RelatedSections

Section2Definitions:“trademark”,“tradename”;section4Whendeemedtobeused;
section5Whendeemedtobemadeknown;section16Registrationofmarksusedor
madeknowninCanada;section17Effectofregistration;section19Rightsconferredby
registration;section31Applicationbasedonregistrationabroad;section68Useof
Trade-MarkorTrade-namebeforeApril1,1949.
§2.0RelatedRegulations

None.
§3.0CorrespondingSectionsinPriorLegislation
§3.1S.C.1949,c.6,s.26.

60A.(1)Theregistrationofatrademark
underthelawsofNewfoundlandpriorto
thefirstdayofApril,nineteenhundred
andforty-nine,shallhavethesameforce
andeffectintheProvinceof
NewfoundlandasifNewfoundlandhad
notbecomepartofCanada,andallrights
andprivilegesacquiredunderorbyvirtue
thereofmaycontinuetobeexercisedor
enjoyedintheProvinceofNewfoundland
asifNewfoundlandhadnotbecomepart
ofCanada.60A.(1)L’enregistrementd’unemarque
decommerceauxtermesdesloisde
Terre-Neuveantérieurementaupremier
avrilmilneufcentquarante-neufaurala
mêmevigueuretlemêmeeffetdansla
provincedeTerre-NeuvequesiTerre-
Neuven’étaitpasdevenuepartiedu
Canada,etl’exerciceoulajouissancede
touslesdroitsetprivilègesacquissousle
régimeouenvertud’untel
enregistrementserontmaintenusdansla
provincedeTerre-Neuve,commesi
Terre-Neuven’étaitpasdevenuepartie
duCanada.
(2)ThelawsofNewfoundlandasthey
existedimmediatelypriortotheexpiration
ofthethirty-firstdayofMarch,nineteen
hundredandforty-nine,shallcontinueto
applyinrespectofapplicationsforthe
registrationoftrademarksunderthelaws
ofNewfoundlandpendingatthattimeand(2)LesloisdeTerre-Neuve,telles
qu’ellesexistaientimmédiatementavant
l’expirationdutrenteetunièmejourde
marsmilneufcentquarante-neuf,
continuerontdes’appliqueraux
demandesd’enregistrementdemarques
decommerce,souslerégimedesloisde

anytrademarksregisteredundersuch
applicationsshall,forthepurposesofthis
section,bedeemedtohavebeen
registeredunderthelawsof
Newfoundlandpriortothefirstdayof
April,nineteenhundredandforty-nine.
Terre-Neuve,eninstanceàcettedateet
toutesmarquesdecommerce
enregistréesauxtermesdesemblables
demandesseront,pourl’applicationdu
présentarticle,censéesavoirété
enregistréesenconformitédesloisde
Terre-Neuveantérieurementaupremier
avrilmilneufcentquarante-neuf.

§3.2R.S.C.1952,c.274,s.61.

61.(1)Theregistrationofatrademark
underthelawsofNewfoundlandpriorto
the1stdayofApril,1949,shallhavethe
sameforceandeffectintheProvinceof
NewfoundlandasifNewfoundlandhad
notbecomepartofCanada,andallrights
andprivilegesacquiredunderorbyvirtue
thereofmaycontinuetobeexercisedor
enjoyedintheProvinceofNewfoundland
asifNewfoundlandhadnotbecomepart
ofCanada.61.(1)L’enregistrementd’unemarquede
commerceauxtermesdesloisdeTerre-
Neuveantérieurementau1eravril1949
auralamêmevigueuretlemêmeeffet
danslaprovincedeTerre-Neuvequesi
Terre-Neuven’étaitpasdevenuepartie
duCanada,etl’exerciceoulajouissance
detouslesdroitsetprivilègesacquis
souslerégimeouenvertud’untel
enregistrementpeuventêtremaintenus
danslaprovincedeTerre-Neuve,comme
siTerre-Neuven’étaitpasdevenuepartie
duCanada.
(2)ThelawsofNewfoundlandasthey
existedimmediatelypriortotheexpiration
ofthe31stdayofMarch,1949,shall
continuetoapplyinrespectof
applicationsfortheregistrationoftrade
marksunderthelawsofNewfoundland
pendingatthattimeandanytrademarks
registeredundersuchapplicationsshall,
forthepurposesofthissection,be
deemedtohavebeenregisteredunder
thelawsofNewfoundlandpriortothe1st
dayofApril,1949.1949,c.6,s.26.(2)LesloisdeTerre-Neuve,telles
qu’ellesexistaientimmédiatementavant
l’expirationdu31mars1949,doivent
continuerdes’appliquerauxdemandes
d’enregistrementdemarquesde
commerce,souslerégimedesloisde
Terre-Neuve,eninstanceàcettedateet
toutesmarquesdecommerce
enregistréesauxtermesdesemblables
demandesseront,pourl’applicationdu
présentarticle,censéesavoirété
enregistréesenconformitédesloisde
Terre-Neuveantérieurementau1eravril
1949.1949,c.6,art.26.
62.Anyapplicationfortheregistrationof
atrademarkreceivedbytheRegistrarat
anytimebeforethe1stdayofOctober,
1932,shallbedealtwithinaccordance62.(1)Toutedemanded’enregistrement
d’unemarquedecommercereçueparle
registraireàquelqueépoqueavantle1er
octobre1932doitêtretraitée

withtheprovisionsofthe
TradeMarkand
DesignAct,andregistrationsmade
pursuanttosuchapplicationsshallforthe
purposesofthisActbedeemedtohave
beenontheregisteronthe1stdayof
September,1932.1932,c.38,s.61.conformémentauxdispositionsdela
Loi
desmarquesdecommerceetdessinsde
fabrique,etlesenregistrementsfaitsen
conformitédecesdemandessont
censés,pourlesfinsdelaprésenteloi,
avoirétésurleregistrele1erseptembre
1932.1932,c.38,art.61.

§3.3S.C.1953,c.49,s.65&66.

65.(1)Theregistrationofatrademark
underthelawsofNewfoundlandpriorto
the1stdayofApril1949,hasthesame
forceandeffectintheProvinceof
NewfoundlandasifNewfoundlandhad
notbecomepartofCanada,andallrights
andprivilegesacquiredunderorbyvirtue
thereofmaycontinuetobeexercisedor
enjoyedintheProvinceofNewfoundland
asifNewfoundlandhadnotbecomepart
ofCanada.65.(1)L’enregistrementd’unemarquede
commerceselonlesloisdeTerre-Neuve
avantle1
eravril1949alamêmevigueur
etlemêmeeffetdanslaprovincede
Terre-Neuvequesicetteprovincen’était
pasdevenueunepartieduCanada,et
l’exerciceoulajouissancedetousdroits
etprivilègesacquisauxtermesouen
vertudecetenregistrementpeuventêtre
maintenusdanslaprovincedeTerre-
NeuvecommesiTerre-Neuvenefaisait
paspartieduCanada.
(2)ThelawsofNewfoundlandasthey
existedimmediatelypriortotheexpiration
ofthe31stdayofMarch,1949,continue
toapplyinrespectofapplicationsforthe
registrationoftrademarksunderthelaws
ofNewfoundlandpendingatthattimeand
anytrademarksregisteredundersuch
applicationsshall,forthepurposesofthis
section,bedeemedtohavebeen
registeredunderthelawsof
Newfoundlandpriortothe1stdayof
April,1949.(2)LesloisdeTerre-Neuve,telles
qu’ellesexistaientimmédiatementavant
l’expirationdu31mars1949,
continuerontdes’appliqueràl’égarddes
demandesd’enregistrementdemarques
decommerce,souslerégimedesloisde
Terre-Neuve,alorseninstance,ettoutes
marquesdecommercedéposéessuivant
tellesdemandesserontconsidérées,aux
finsduprésentarticle,commeayantété
déposéesenvertudesloisdeTerre-
Neuveavantle1
eravril1949.
66.ForthepurposesofthisActtheuse
ormakingknownofatrademarkorthe
useofatradenameinNewfoundland
beforethe1stdayofApril,1949,shallnot
bedeemedtobeauseormakingknown
ofsuchtrademarkorauseofsuchtrade
nameinCanadabeforesuchdate.66.Auxfinsdelaprésenteloi,l’emploiou
larévélationd’unemarquedecommerce
oul’emploid’unnomcommercial,à
Terre-Neuve,avantle
1eravril1949,n’est
pascenséunemploiouunerévélationde
cettemarqueouunemploidecenomau
Canadaavantladitedate.

§3.4S.C.1970,c.T-10,s.67&68.

67.(1)Theregistrationofatrademark
underthelawsofNewfoundlandpriorto
the1stdayofApril1949hasthesame
forceandeffectintheProvinceof
NewfoundlandasifNewfoundlandhad
notbecomepartofCanada,andallrights
andprivilegesacquiredunderorbyvirtue
thereofmaycontinuetobeexercisedor
enjoyedintheProvinceofNewfoundland
asifNewfoundlandhadnotbecomepart
ofCanada.67.(1)L’enregistrementd’unemarquede
commerceselonlesloisdeTerre-Neuve
avantle1eravril1949alamêmevigueur
etlemêmeeffetdanslaprovincede
Terre-Neuvequesicetteprovincen’était
pasdevenueunepartieduCanada,et
l’exerciceoulajouissancedetousdroits
etprivilègesacquisauxtermesouen
vertudecetenregistrementpeuventêtre
maintenusdanslaprovincedeTerre-
NeuvecommesiTerre-Neuvenefaisait
paspartieduCanada.
(2)ThelawsofNewfoundlandasthey
existedimmediatelypriortotheexpiration
ofthe31stdayofMarch1949continueto
applyinrespectofapplicationsforthe
registrationoftrademarksunderthelaws
ofNewfoundlandpendingatthattimeand
anytrademarksregisteredundersuch
applicationsshall,forthepurposesofthis
section,bedeemedtohavebeen
registeredunderthelawsof
Newfoundlandpriortothe1stdayofApril
1949.1952-53,c.49,s.65.(2)LesloisdeTerre-Neuve,telles
qu’ellesexistaientimmédiatementavant
l’expirationdu31mars1949,
continuerontdes’appliqueràl’égarddes
demandesd’enregistrementdemarques
decommerce,souslerégimedesloisde
Terre-Neuve,alorseninstance,ettoutes
marquesdecommercedéposéessuivant
tellesdemandesserontconsidérées,aux
finsduprésentarticle,commeayantété
déposéesenvertudesloisdeTerre-
Neuveavantle1eravril1949.1952-53,
c.49,art.65.
68.ForthepurposesofthisActtheuse
ormakingknownofatrademarkorthe
useofatradenameinNewfoundland
beforethe1stdayofApril1949shallnot
bedeemedtobeauseormakingknown
ofsuchtrademarkorauseofsuchtrade
nameinCanadabeforethatdate.1952-
53,c.49,s.66.68.Auxfinsdelaprésenteloi,l’emploiou
larévélationd’unemarquedecommerce
oul’emploid’unnomcommercial,à
Terre-Neuve,avantle1eravril1949,
n’estpascenséunemploiouune
révélationdecettemarqueouunemploi
decenomauCanadaavantladitedate.
1952-53,c.49,art.66.

§4.0Purpose

Thepurposeofsection67istopreserve,intheProvinceofNewfoundland[now
NewfoundlandandLabrador],therightsandprivilegesexistingunderorbyvirtueofthe

registrationofatrademarkunderthelawsofthat
provincepriortoApril1,1949.See
AladdinIndustriesInc.v.CanadianThermosProductsLtd.andRegistrarofTrade
Marks,[1969]2Ex.C.R.80.

§5.0Commentary

§5.1History

TheimplementationoftheTermsofUnionofNewfoundlandwithCanada,asregardto
trademarks,hasbeendescribedasfollowsbyKerrJ.inAladdinIndustries,Inc.v.
CanadianThermosProductsLtd.,[1969]2Ex.C.R.80atpp.122-123:
[91]Section65[nows.67]carriedintotheTradeMarksActTerm21of
theAgreementcontainingTermsofUnionbetweenCanadaand
NewfoundlandwhichwasapprovedbytheParliamentofCanadain
Actsof1949,Chapter1[13Geo.VI,S.C.1949,c.1],andconfirmedby
theBritishNorthAmericaAct,1949[12-13Geo.VI,c.22(U.K.),now
theNewfoundlandAct].Term21isasfollows:

21.(1)Canadawillprovidethattheregistrationofatrademark
underthelawsofNewfoundlandpriortothedateofUnionshall
havethesameforceandeffectintheProvinceofNewfoundland
asiftheUnionhadnotbeenmade,andallrightsandprivileges
acquiredunderorbyvirtuethereofmaycontinuetobeexercised
orenjoyedintheProvinceofNewfoundlandasiftheUnionhad
notbeenmade.
(3)ThelawsofNewfoundlandexistingatthedateofUnionshall
continuetoapplyinrespectofapplicationsfortheregistrationof
trademarksunderthelawsofNewfoundlandpendingatthedate
ofUnionandanytrademarksregistereduponsuchapplications
shall,forthepurposesofthisTerm,bedeemedtohavebeen
registeredunderthelawsofNewfoundlandpriortothedateof
Union.
[92]AppendixIItoVolumeVofthe1949ConsolidationofStatutory
OrdersandRegulationsprovidesanaccuratesummaryinrespectof
theTermsofUnion,andforconvenienceIwillrepeatithere,as
follows:
APPENDIXII
NEWFOUNDLAND
TheAgreementcontainingtheTermsofUnionofNewfoundlandwith
Canadawasapprovedbychapter1oftheStatutesofCanada,1949,

andconfirmedby
TheBritishNorthAmericaAct,1949.Byparagraph
(1)ofTerm18alllawsinforceinNewfoundlandatorimmediatelyprior
tothedateofUnioncontinuethereinasiftheUnionhadnotbeen
made,subjectneverthelesstoberepealed,abolishedoralteredbythe
ParliamentofCanadaorbytheLegislatureoftheProvinceof
NewfoundlandaccordingtotheauthorityoftheParliamentorofthe
LegislatureundertheBritishNorthAmericaActs,1867to1946.
Paragraph(2)ofTerm18providesthatStatutesoftheParliamentof
CanadainforceatthedateofUnion,oranypartthereof,shallcome
intoforceintheProvinceofNewfoundlandonadayordaystobefixed
byActoftheParliamentofCanadaorbyproclamationoftheGovernor
GeneralinCouncilissuedfromtimetotime.Paragraph(2)ofTerm18
providesfurtherthatanysuchproclamationmayprovidefortherepeal
ofanyofthelawsofNewfoundlandthata)areofgeneralapplication;
b)relatetothesamesubject-matterasthestatuteorpart
thereofsoproclaimed;and
c)couldberepealedbytheParliamentofCanadaunder
paragraph(1)ofTerm18.

ProclamationsoftheGovernorGeneralinCouncilbringingcertain
statutesoftheParliamentofCanadaintoforceintheProvinceof
NewfoundlandandrepealingcertainstatutesofNewfoundlandwere
issuedonApril1,1949andSeptember13,1949.Forconveniencethe
schedulestotheseproclamations,listingthestatutesbroughtintoforce
andthestatutesrepealed,aresetforthhereunder.

[93]TheFirstSchedule,namely,StatutesoftheParliamentofCanada
tocomeintoforceintheProvinceofNewfoundlandonApril1,1949,
includestheExchequerCourtAct,theTradeMarkandDesignAct,and
TheUnfairCompetitionAct,1932.

[94]TheSecondSchedule,StatutesofNewfoundlandtoberepealed
onApril1,1949,includesChapter154,ConsolidatedStatutesof
Newfoundland(ThirdSeries),OfTradeMarksandtheRegistration
Thereof,andActNo.39of1948amendingchapter154.[at122-123]

ThislastenumerationmadebyMr.JusticeKerrshouldbesupplementedbyaddingThe
TradeMarks(Amendment)Act,1943,alsoincludedintheaforesaidSecondSchedule
asTheActNo.27of1943.

Withthe1985revisionoftheStatutesofCanada,s
ections67and68havenotbeen
reproduced.Thiswasanerrorwhichwasremediedbythereintroductionofthese
sectionsthroughtheInte
llectualPropertyLawImprovementAct(S.C.1993,c.15).

§5.2Rightsarising

WithintheterritoryofNewfoundland,theownerofatrademarkregisteredinthat
provincepriortothe1stdayofApril,1949,ordeemedtohavebeenregisteredbefore
thatdate,continuestobevestedwiththesamerightsandprivilegeswhichthelawsof
NewfoundlandaffordedatthetimethatNewfoundlandbecamepartofCanada.

ItfollowsthatwheretherehasbeenregistrationofatrademarkinCanadapriortothe
1
stofApril,1949,theownerwouldnotbeabletoassertarightofconcurrentusein
Newfoundlandwherethereisapre-existingNewfoundlandregistrationregardlessof
whetherobtainedbeforeoraftertheCanadianone.Itseems,however,thatthesituation
maybedifferentinthecaseofanunregisteredNewfoundlandtrademarkinuseor
havingbeenusedpriortotheUnion.
Asasecondconsequence,itfollowsthatusingormakingknownatrademarkin
NewfoundlandpriortoApril1
st1949willnotconstitutepropergroundtoobtain
registrationofthistrademarkundertheCanadianAct:however,useofthistrademark
sincethatdateshouldbesufficientbasistoobtainregistrationundertheAct.

Anytrademarkregisteredafterthe31stdayofMarch,1949,basedupona
Newfoundlandtrademarkapplicationpendingonthe31stdayofMarch,1949,is
deemedtohavebeenregisteredpriortothe1stdayofApril,1949,andisgovernedby
thelawsofNewfoundlandastheyexistedpriortothe1stdayofApril,1949.Onthe
otherhand,allsubsequenttrademarkapplicationsmustbemadeundertheTrade
MarksAct.

Itisalsotobenotedthatclaimingthebenefitofparagraph14(1)or12(2)oftheTrade-
marksActwillnotovercomesuchaconstitutionalterritorialrestriction.

Therestriction,however,couldbelimitedtosomeofthewaresbutnottheothers.

§5.3PriorNewfoundlandLegislation

TheStatutesofNewfoundlandexpressingthetrademarkslawinforceuntilApril1
st,
1949werechapter154oftheNewfoundlandConsolidatedStatutes,1916(3rdseries)
entitled“OfTradeMarksandRegistrationThereof”whichwasamendedbytheTrade
MarksandRegistrationThereof(Amendment)Act,StatutesofNewfoundland1943,no.
27whichaddedtheretosections32to35andbytheTradeMarksandRegistration
Thereof(Amendment)Act,StatutesofNewfoundland1948,no.39whichsubstituteda
newsection20(1)eandaddedsections36and37.

Initially,theNewfounlandtrade-marklegislationw
asamereduplicationoftheBritish
MerchandiseMarksAct,1887.TheNewfoundlandOfTradeMarksandRegistration
Thereofstatute,asinforceon1949-03-31,isreproducedunder§9.1.

Someprovisionsofinterestcontainedinthesestatutesare

·Onceregisteredatrade-markistoendurewithoutlimitation
·Atrade-markdulyregisteredshallbeassignableinlaw[mostprobablywiththe
goodwillassociatedwiththebusiness]
·Rightofactionforinfringementarepenalinnature
·Noprovisionforassociatedtrade-marks
·Noprovisionforlicensing
·Noprovisionfortherecordaloflicenseorsecurityinterest
·Noprovisionforrepresentativeforservice
·Noprovisionforcontinuoususerofthetrade-mark.

Itistobenotedthatsubsection20(1)oftheNewfoundlandActdefinedthefiveessential
particulars,oneofwhichatrademarkmustpossessinordertosecureregistration,but
didnotcallforanyprerequisiteofuseofatrademarktoobtainitsregistration.Bythe
sametoken,thereisnoprovisionintheNewfoundlandTradeMarksActsubjectingthe
maintenanceofaNewfoundlandregistrationtoanycurrentuseofthetrademark.As
statedbyProfessorMitches(1969),[15McGillL.J.,at433-434]:
ItisinconsistentthatNewfoundlandregistrationsarenotrequiredtobe
activelyusedinordertoremainontheregisterespeciallyinviewofthe
useprovisionsundertheTradeMarksAct.UnderthetermsofUnion,
term18(1)providesthatthelawsofNewfoundlandinforceimmediately
priortothedateoftheUnionshallcontinuethereinasiftheUnionhad
notbeenmade,subjectneverthelesstoberepealed,abolishedor
alteredbytheParliamentofCanada.Whetherthisterminfact
overridesterm21whichpermitsthestatusquotoremainvis-à-vis
NewfoundlandTradeMarkregistrationsmadebeforethedateofUnion,
eventhoughNewfoundlandisnowpartoftheDominionofCanadais
onefordiscussionbyconstitutionalauthorities.Nevertheless,itwould
appearthatbythecombinedeffectofterm21andthefactthattrade
marksareintheexclusivejurisdictionoftheDominion,theParliament
ofCanadahastheauthorityandthepowertoaltertheNewfoundland
trademarklaw.IftheNewfoundlandActwerealteredtorequireause
ofaregisteredtrademark,themajorinconsistenciesbetweenthe
NewfoundlandTradeMarksActandtheTradeMarksActwouldbe
circumvented.

ANewfoundlandtrademarkregistrationisnotsubjecttorenewalundersection46ofthe
CanadianTrade-marksActsinceunderthelawsofNewfoundlandaregistrationisto
lastwithoutlimitation.

Inviewofthewordingofsection26oftheCanadia
nTradeMarksAct,onemay
seriouslyquestionwhethertheNewfoundlandregisterasexistingonMarch31,1949,in
factformspartoftheCanadianregister.Indeed,s.26doesnotexplicitlymentionthe
Newfoundlandregister.ItmayfollowthatatrademarkregisteredinNewfoundlandisnot
a“registeredtrademark”withinthemeaningofsection2,namelyatrademarkthatison
theregisterkeptundersection26.
Acontraryviewhasbeentaken,however,byKerrJ.inAladdinIndustries,Inc.v.
CanadianThermosProductsLtd.,[1969]2Ex.C.R.80(Ex.Ct.),at125-126.Itwould
seemthatthisviewwasonlyanobiterdictum,asstatedinthejudgment.

Therefore,itwouldfurtherseemthatthedefactoadministrationofthepatriated
NewfoundlandtrademarkregisterbytheRegistrarisonlyamatterofconvenience,not
yetjudiciallychallenged.
§5.4EditorialComment

Subsections67(1)and(2)raisesomequestionsoflawwhichthecourtshavenotyet
answered:IsatrademarkregisteredinNewfoundlandatrademarkwithinthe
meaningofsection2oftheTradeMarksAct?
Shouldthewords“trademark”asusedinsection67havethemeaning
giventothemunderthelawsofNewfoundlandastheyexistedbefore
the1stdayofApril,1949?
DoesaNewfoundlandprovincialcourthavejurisdictiontoexpungeor
varyaNewfoundlandregistration?
DoestheRegistrarhavethejurisdictiontorequirefromanapplicant
undertheTradeMarksActaterritorialdisclaimerduetotheexistence
ofaNewfoundlandregistration?TheTradeMarksOfficecurrently
requiressuchadisclaimerbasedonsection67(1).

ThewordingrequiredbytheCanadianTrade-marksOfficewithrespecttosucha
territorialrestrictionisnotconstant.Sometimesitfallsundertheheading
“RESTRICTIONFORUSE/RESTRICTIOND’EMPLOI”,sometimesundertheheading
“AUTHORIZATIONFORUSE/AUTORISATIOND’EMPLOI”andsometimesunderthe
heading:”CLAIMS/REVENDICATIONS”.Hereisasamplingofthewordingfoundon
Canadiantrade-markregistrations:CLAIMS/REVENDICATIONS:Reconnuepourenregistrableenvertu
del’article12(2)delaLoisurlesmarquesdecommerce.Cet
enregistrementestsujetauxdispositionsdel’article67(1)delaLoisur

lesmarquesdecommerce,vul’enregistrementNoNFL
D1301selon
lesloisdeTerre-neuve.ATLAS,LMC301931.
Cetenregistrementestsujetauxdispositionsdel’article67(1)delaLoi
surlesmarquesdecommerce,vul’enregistrementNoNFLD2484
selonlesloisdeTerre-neuve.Reconnuepourenregistrableenvertude
l’article12(2)delaLoisurlesmarquesdecommerce.LALMAN,LMC
283479.
Reconnuepourenregistrableenvertudel’article14delaLoisurles
marquesdecommerce.Cetenregistrementestsujetauxdispositions
del’article65(1)delaLoisurlesMarquesdeCommerceenvuedes
enregistrementsnos.161,162et163deTerre-Neuve.MARTELL,
LMC131906.
Cetenregistrementestsujetauxdispositionsdel’article65(1)delaLoi
surlesMarquesdeCommerceenvuedesenregistrementsnos.161,
162et163deTerre-Neuve.MARTELL,LMC131906.
AUTHORIZATIONFORUSE/AUTORISATIOND’EMPLOI:Cet
enregistrementestsujetauxdispositionsdel’article67(1)delaloisur
lesmarquesdecommerce(statutsrévisésduCanada,1970,chapitre
T10)vul’enregistrementNo.1036selonlesloisdeTerre-Neuve.
SABLES,LMC354814.
Cetenregistrementestsujetauxdispositionsdel’article65(1)delaLoi
surlesmarquesdecommercevul’enregistrementnuméro171selon
lesloisdeTerre-NeuveGITANE,LMC147105.
RESTRICTIONFORUSE/RESTRICTIOND’EMPLOI:Cet
enregistrementestsujetauxdispositionsdel’article60-Adela
présenteloienvuedel’enregistrementdeTerre-NeuveNo.1-415
VALDA,LCD39782.
CETENREGISTREMENTESTSUJETAUXDISPOSITIONSDE
L’ARTICLE61DELAPRESENTELOIENVUEDE
L’ENREGISTREMENTDETERRE-NEUVENO.180.PAULA,LCD
50870.
Lerequérantdemandeunenregistrementrestreintexcluantlaprovince
deTerre-Neuve.INSPECTEURMYSTO,LMC571573.
CetenregistrementestrestreintenexcluantlaprovincedeTerre-
Neuve.VAKTRAK,LMC495498.

THISREGISTRATIONISSUBJECTTOTHEPROVISIONSOF
SECTON60-AOFTHETRADEMARKSACT,INVIEWOF
NEWFOUNDLANDREGISTRATIONNO.3147inrespectofwa
res(1).
CABOT,UCA42163.
RegistrationissubjecttotheprovisionsofSECTION65(1)oftheTrade
MarkActinviewofNewfoundlandRegistrationNo.748inrespectof
wares(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).CHIX,UCA40541.
Theapplicantrespectfullyrequeststhatitsregistrationberestrictedto
excludetheProvinceofNewfoundland.ANLAC,TMO1020435.

RestrictedregistrationwherebytheProvinceofNewfoundlandis
excluded.ARCTIC,TMA542470.
CLAIMS/REVENDICATIONS:Registrationwillbesubjecttothe
provisionsofSection67(1)oftheTrade-marksAct,inviewof
NewfoundlandRegistrationNo.0849.ARROW,TMO1045512
RESTRICTIONFORUSE/RESTRICTIOND’EMPLOI:Theapplicantis
agreeabletotheconditionthattheregistrationtoissueissubjecttothe
provisionsofSection67(1)oftheTrade-marksActinviewof
NewfoundlandregistrationNo.NFLD0849.ARROW,TMO1045512

ThisregistrationissubjecttotheprovisionsofSection65(1)ofTrade
MarksActinviewofNewfoundlandRegistrationNo.2671.AVERT,
TMA152192.
RegistrabilityRecognizedunderSection12(2)oftheTrade-marksAct
onwares(2).RegistrationissubjecttotheprovisionsofSection67(1)
oftheTrade-marksAct,inviewofNewfoundlandRegistrationNo.
NFLD0164onwares(2).BARCLAY’S,UCA12752.
TheapplicationisforarestrictedregistrationwherebytheProvinceof
Newfoundlandisexcluded.BASSBROS,BEERHOUSE&GRILL,
TMO1122582.
RestrictedregistrationwherebytheProvinceofNewfoundlandis
excluded.BELLFLAVORS&FRAGRANCESCANADA,TMA548120.

ApplicantexcludestheProvinceofNewfoundland.BLACKSWAN,
TMO1134109.
TheapplicantwishestorestrictitsapplicationtoexcludetheProvince
ofNewfoundland.CHERRYBLOSSOM,TMO1141066.

Restrictionregistrationisrequestedwithrespect
toNewfoundland
registrationno.2482.CLEAN-IT,TMA543995.
RegistrationissubjecttotheprovisionsofSECTIONS60(A)inrespect
ofwares(18)andSECTION65(1)inrespectofwares(29)to(46)
inclusive,oftheTRADEMARKSACTinviewofNEWFOUNDLAND
REGISTRATIONNO.2121.CO-OP,UCA26592.
RegistrationsissubjecttotheprovisionsofSection67(1)oftheTrade
MarksAct(RevisedStatutesofCanada,1970-ChapterT-10)inview
ofNewfoundlandRegistrationNo.NFLD.2477.DONJUANE,TMO
491899.
RestrictedregistrationwherebytheprovinceofNewfoundlandis
excludedpursuanttoSection67(1).GIPSY,TMA538444.

TheapplicantexcludestheprovinceofNewfoundlandandLabrador
fromthisapplication.KEYSTONE,TMO1133253.
Theapplicantrestrictsitsrightsinthesubjecttrade-marktoexcludethe
provinceofNewfoundland.VIC-PLUS,TMO1043406.
ThisregistrationdoesnotextendtotheprovinceofNewfoundland.
LABEL,UCA35846
RESTRICTIONFORUSE/RESTRICTIOND’EMPLOI:Newfoundland
restriction.LINCOLN.TRAVELWELL,TMO1132958.
RegistrationissubjecttotheprovisionsofSection67(1)oftheTrade-
marksAct,inviewofNewfoundlandRegistrationNos.Nos.151and
1588.LISTEREX,TMA190937.
ThisregistrationissubjecttotheprovisionsofSection67(1)ofthe
TradeMarksAct(RevisedStatutesofCanada,1970-ChapterT-10)in
viewofNewfoundlandRegistrationNo(s).0580,0595and0599.
MELROSECOFFEE,TMA160246.
CLAIMS/REVENDICATIONS:Registrationwillbesubjecttothe
provisionsofSection67(1)oftheTrade-marksAct,inviewof
NewfoundlandRegistrationNo.NFLD0228.MGMGRAND,TMO
696896.RESTRICTIONFORUSE/RESTRICTIOND’EMPLOI:The
applicantclaimsrightstoregistrationofthetrademarkthroughout
Canada,withtheexceptionoftheprovinceofNewfoundland.MGM
GRAND,TMO696896.

CLAIMS/REVENDICATIONS:RESTRICTIONFOR
USE/RESTRICTIOND’EMPLOI:Thisregistrationissubj
ecttoSection
65(1)oftheTradeMarksActinviewofNewfoundlandRegistration
Nos.1430and2998.MILKYWAY,TMA161443.
RegistrationissubjecttotheprovisionsofSection67(1)oftheTrade
Marks(RevisedStatutesofCanada,1970-chapterT-10)inviewof
NewfoundlandRegistrationNos.312and3230.NEWMAN’SAPORT,
TMA198755.
RESTRICTIONFORUSE/RESTRICTIOND’EMPLOI:Restricted
registrationwherebytheprovinceofNewfoundlandisexcluded.
PALACE,TMA568095.
THISREGISTRATIONISSUBJECTTOTHEPROVISIONSOF
SECTION61OFTHEUNFAIRCOMPETITIONACT,INVIEWOF
NEWFOUNDLANDREGISTRATIONNO.3167.PATON,UCA50845.

Registrationis[sic]subjecttotheprovisionsofSection67(1)ofthe
trade-marksActinviewofNewfoundlandRegistration[sic]No.
001,114onwares.SUNRISE,TMO825715.
THISREGISTRATIONDATED22MAY/MAI1952ISSUBJECTTO
THEPROVISIONSOFSECTION60-AOFTHEACT,INVIEWOF
NEWFOUNDLANDREGISTRATIONNO.4-2901.WHIRLPOOL,
TMDA42533.
THISREGISTRATIONDOESNOTEXTENDTOTHEPROVINCEOF
NEWFOUNDLAND.WHITELABEL,UCA35847.
Inthecaseofatrademarkapplicationrejectedbecauseoftheexistenceofa
Newfoundlandtrademarkregistration,theapplicantcurrentlyhasthreeoptionstofollow
inordertoovercometherejection:(1)theapplicantmayspecificallyexcludefromhisapplicationthe
territoryofNewfoundlandwhilemaintaininghisorherapplicationfor
therestofCanada;

(2)theapplicantmay,withtheconsentoftheregisteredownerofthe
Newfoundlandregistration,obtaintheexpungementofthe
NewfoundlandregistrationonrequesttotheRegistrar(whois
currentlyreplacingtheNewfoundlandCommissionerforHome
AffairsandEducationwhoreplacedtheNewfoundlandColonial
Secretary);or

(3)theapplicantmayproceedbeforetheTrialDivi
sionoftheFederal
CourtofCanadarequestingthattheFederalCourtorderthe
expungementoftheNewfoundlandregistrationinaccordancewith
thelawsofNewfoundlandastheyexistedpriortoApril1,1949.See
section57,supra.

§5.5SavingClause

Section68definestheeffectoftheuseormakingknownofatrademarkortheuseofa
tradenameinNewfoundlandbeforethe1stdayofApril,1949,undertheTradeMarks
Act.

Useoftrade-markortrade-namebefore
April1,1949
Emploid’unemarquedecommerce–

Terre-Neuve

68.ForthepurposesofthisAct,theuse
ormakingknownofatrade-markorthe
useofatrade-nameinNewfoundland
beforeApril1,1949shallnotbedeemed
tobeauseormakingknownofsuch
trade-markorauseofsuchtrade-name
inCanadabeforethatdate.68.Pourl’applicationdelaprésenteloi,
l’emploioularévélationd’unemarquede
commerceoul’emploid’unnom
commercial,àTerre-Neuve,avantle1er
avril1949,n’estpascenséconstituerun
emploiouunerévélationdecettemarque
ouunemploidecenom,avantcette
date,auCanada.

Section68appliestotrademarks,whetherregisteredornot,andtotradenames.

Noonecanrelyontheuseofatrademarkoratradenameorthemakingknownofa
trademarkinNewfoundlandpriortoApril1,1949,foranypurposesundertheTrade
MarksAct,savepossiblytheprovisionsoftheTradeMarksActrelatingtothe
registrationoftrademarkswhichareregisteredandusedabroad.

§5.6SecondEditorialComment

Thewords“trademark”,“use”,“tradename”,and“makingknown”insection68should
begiventhemeaningattributedtothemundertheTradeMarksAct,ratherthanthe
meaningtheymighthavehadunderthelawsofNewfoundlandastheyexistedbefore
April1,1949.
§6.0CaseLaw

§6.1Newfoundland

1.
ImperialTobaccoCompany(Newfoundland),Limitedv.Duffy,[1918]A.C.181
(J.C.P.C.)WrenburyL.J.TheNewfoundlandstatute[ofTradeMarks]isundoubtedlyill-
expressed…[at183].
Itisstrange,butitisthefact,thattheNewfoundlandStatutecontains
noprovisionsforrectificationoftheregister.Underthese
circumstancesthedefendantcannot,ofcourse,beblamedfornot
takingproceedingsforrectification.Butitmightbeadefencetoan
actionforinfringementthattheplaintiffsarenotdulyontheregister.[at
184]
2.OrangeCrushCo.v.GadenAeratedWaterWorksLtd.(1923),11NfldR.
299(NfldC.A.)KentJ.at309:Thefirstfouroftheseclassesspecifywhatatrademarkmayconsist
of;thelastwhatitmaynotconsistof.Itmaynotconsistofawordor
wordshavingreferencetothequalityorcharacterofthegoods.In
otherwords,atradermayindicatehisconnectionordealingwithgoods
byadoptinganyoftheparticularsfallingwithinclasses(a)to(d)which
areneutralastothecharacterofthegoodsthemselves,buthemay
notbyadoptingwordshavingreferencetothecharacterorqualityof
thegoodsandtherebymonopolizetheuseofwordsdescriptiveofthe
goodsinquestion.[at308.]
OurStatutecontainsnoprovisionsforrectificationoftheregister,and
theonlywayinwhichinanactionforaninfringementthequestionof
thevalidityofaregisteredtrademarkoritscomponentpartsmaybe
questionedisbysettingupthatitisnotdulyregistered.

Itwascommongroundontheargumentbeforemethat,havingregard
totheprovisionsoftheNewfoundlandstatuteandsection65ofthe
TradeMarksAct,anylackofdistinctivenessoftheNewfoundlandtrade
markwhentheseproceedingswerecommenceddoesnotafforda
goodgroundforfindingitinvalid.Thequestioniswhetheritwas
registrablewhenitwasregisteredin1908.Theevidencerespectingthe
situationinNewfoundlandatandbeforethatdateisevenmorescanty
thantheevidencerespectingthesituationinCanadawhenthetrade
markwasregistered[page125]atOttawain1907.Ifanydoubtexists
astoregistrability,itmustberesolvedinfavourofthetrademark.The
applicanthasnotacquitteditselfoftheonusofshowingthatthetrade
markwasnotdulyregisteredinNewfoundlandin1908.Theapplication
toexpungetheNewfoundlandregistrationisthereforedismissed.[at
309.]
§6.2Canada

1.AladdinIndustries,Incorporatedv.CanadianThermosProductsLimited,
[1969]2Ex.C.R.80(Ex.Ct.)KerrJ.:Itwascommongroundontheargumentbeforemethat,havingregard
totheprovisionsoftheNewfoundlandstatuteandsection65[nows.
67]oftheTradeMarksAct,anylackofdistinctivenessofthe
Newfoundlandtrademarkwhentheseproceedingswerecommenced
doesnotaffordagoodgroundforfindingitinvalid.Thequestionis
whetheritwasregistrablewhenitwasregisteredin1908.[at124]

AsIconstruesection65[nows.67],itspurposeandeffectsisto
preserveintheProvinceofNewfoundlandtherightsandprivileges
acquiredunderorbyvirtueoftheregistrationofatrademarkunderthe
lawsofNewfoundlandpriortoApril1,1949.Itisnotasectiondealing
withthejurisdictionofthecourts.[at125]
Inmyopinion,thiscourt[i.e.theExchequerCourt,nowtheFederal
Court]hasjurisdictiontoexpungetheNewfoundlandregistrationona
showingofsufficientcausetoexpungeit.[at126]

2.LabattBrewingCo.Ltd.v.CarlingO’KeefeBreweriesofCanadaLtd.(1985),
4C.P.R.(3d)NfldS.C.-T.D.)GoodridgeJ.:TheexclusiverightofaCanadiantrademarkownercontainedins.67
islimitedbys.19.[at40]
Thequestionofabandonmentgivesnorightto“trespass”.Ifthe
defendantcontendsthatmarkisabandoned,itmayapplyunders.44
toexpungethemark.[obiterat40]

3.CarlingO’KeefeBreweriesCanadaLtd.v.LabattBrewingCo.Ltd.(1985)5
C.P.R.(3d)273(NfldS.C.-C.A.)GushueJ.:CarlingO’KeefeistheregisteredownerundertheTradeMarksAct,
R.S.C.1970,T-10,ofthetrademarkBLACKLABELforusein
associationwiththesaleofbeerinCanada.Thatrighthasexisted
since1937.Thepredecessorintitletotherespondentcompany
(“Labatts”)was,atthetimeofConfederationofNewfoundlandwith
Canada,theregisteredownerofthesametrademarkinconnection
withthesaleofbeerinNewfoundland,whichrightwasobtainedunder
theprovisionsoftheTradeMarksandRegistrationAct,C.S.Nfld.
1916,c.154.Section21(1)oftheTermsofUnionofNewfoundland
withCanada(theNewfoundlandAct,1949(U.K.),c.22,continuedall
rightsandprivilegesarisingoutofsuchregistrationwithin
NewfoundlandasiftherehadbeennoUnion,asfollows:
21(1)Canadawillprovidethattheregistrationofatrademark
underthelawsofNewfoundlandpriortothedateofUnionshall

havethesameforceandeffectintheProvinceofN
ewfoundland
asiftheUnionhadnotbeenmade,andallrightsandprivileges
acquiredunderorbyvirtuethereofmaycontinuetobeexercised
orenjoyedintheProvinceofNewfoundlandasiftheUnionhad
notbeenmade.

Thatsectionissubstantiallyrepeatedins.67(1)ofthefederalTrade
MarksAct.[at274-275]

TherespondentLabattswithoutquestionholdsthelegalrightstothe
trademarkBLACKLABELintheProvinceofNewfoundland.The
appellantCarlingO’Keefe,withoutbotheringtotakeanystepsforthe
possibleexpungingofthattrademark,hasineffecttakenthelawinto
itsownhandsandencroacheduponthatright.[at276]

§7.0ListofCases

§7.1Newfoundland
1.ImperialTobaccoCompany(Newfoundland),Limitedv.Duffy,(1917),87L.J.
50;[1918]A.C.181(J.C.P.C.).

2.OrangeCrushCo.v.GadenAeratedWaterWorksLtd.(1923),11NfldR.299
(NfldS.C.-C.A.).

§7.2Canada
1.AladdinIndustries,Inc.v.CanadianThermosProductsLtd.,[1969]2Ex.C.R.
80;(1969),57C.P.R.230;(1969),41FoxPat.C.26(Ex.Ct.;1969-03-11);aff’d
6C.P.R.(2d)1,[1974]S.C.R.845(S.C.C.;1972-03-20).

2.CrownIndustrialProductsCo.v.CrownDistributorsLtd.(1971),1C.P.R.(2d)
248(Registrar;1971-02-17).
3.JohnHaig&Co.Ltd.v.HaigBrewereisLtd.(1974),21C.P.R.(2d)271
(Registrar;1974-12-30);rev’d(1975),24C.P.R.(2d)66(F.C.T.D.;1975-09-30).
4.CanadaPackersLtd.v.J.M.SchneiderLtd.39C.P.R.(2d)130(Registrar;
1978-02-17).
5.LabattBrewingCo.Ltd.v.CarlingO’KeefeBreweriesofCanadaLtd.4C.P.R.
(3d)34;(1985),5C.I.P.R.237;(1985),53Nfld&P.E.I.R.66;(1985),156
A.P.R.66(NfldS.C.-T.D.;1985-03-21);(1985),4C.P.R.(3d)42;(1985),5
C.I.P.R.246(NfldS.C.-T.D.);5C.P.R.(3d)273;(1985),6C.I.P.R.1(NfldS.C.-
C.A.;1985-07-24).

6.MolsonBreweries,APartnershipv.SwanBreweryCo.,(1994),58C.P.R.(3d)
303(T.M.Opp.Bd.;1994-10-31).
7.UnitelCommunicationsInc.v.BellCanada(1995),61C.P.R.(3d)12(F.C.T.D.;
1995-04-24).
8.EmpireofCarolinaInc.v.AultFoodsLtd.,(1995),63C.P.R.(3d)420
(T.M.O.B.;1995-06-22).

§8.0Authors

§8.1Authors-Canada
1.FOX(HaroldG.),TheCanadianLawofTradeMarksandUnfairCompetition,
2nded.(Toronto,Carswell,1956),at28.

2.FOX(HaroldG.),TheCanadianLawofTradeMarksandUnfairCompetition,
3rded.(Toronto,Carswell,1972),12-13.
3.GILL(Kelly)etal.,TortOnCanadianLawofTrade-MarksandUnfair
Competition,
4thed.(Toronto,Carswell,2002),at§1.6.
4.HUGHES(RogerT.)etal.,HughesonTradeMarks(Toronto,Butterworth&
Co.(Canada)Ltd.,1984)at513.
5.MITCHES(Philip),TradeMarkExpungementunderCanadianLaw(1958),58
TrademarkReporter521.
6.MITCHES(Philip),TradeMarkExpungementunderCanadianLaw(1960),59
CanadianPatentReporter137,at167-169.
7.MITCHES(Philip),TradeMarkExpungementunderCanadianLaw(1969),15
McGillLawJournal392,at432.
8.TermsofUnionofNewfoundlandwithCanadainrelationtoPatentsandTrade
Marks(1949),9CanadianPatentReporter.6.
9.UnionofCanadawithNewfoundland(1949),9CanadianPatentReporter65.

§8.2Authors-Variaa

LLOYD(R.G.)etal.Kerly’sLawofTradeMarksandTradeNames,
7thEd.(London,
Sweet&Maxwell,1951),atpp.244,259-260,250and705.

RAVENSCROFT(ByfleetG.),
InternationaltradeMarkLawandPractice,(NewYork,
TradeMarkLawPublishing,1925),atpp.372-375
SINGER(B.),TradeMarkLawsofTheWorldandUnfairCompetition(Chicago,1913,at
pp.355-357.
§9.0Varia

§9.1OfTradeMarksandtheRegistrationthereof.

(ConsolidatedStatutesofNewfoundland(ThridSeries),No.154,asamendedbyAct
No.27of1943AnActtoAmendChapter154oftheConsolidatedStatutes(Third
Series)Entitled”OfTradeMarksandtheRegistrationthereof”andbyActNo.39of
1948AnActtofurtherAmendChapter154oftheConsolidatedStatutes(ThirdSeries)
Entitled”OfTradeMarksandtheRegistrationthereof”

SECTION
1.—Offencesinrelationtotrademarks,Penalties,procedure,&c.
2.—Meaningofexpressionsandapplicationofprovisionsofchapter.
3.—Whattobedeemedforgingatrademark.
4.—Whattobedeemedapplyingatrademark.
5.—Whatshallbeconsideredadefence.
6.—Relatingtowatches.
7.—Statementsinindictments.
8.—Evidence.
9.—Accessories.
10.—Searchwarrants,forfeiture,destructionofarticlesforfeited.
11.—ApplicationofImperialAct22&23Vic.,Cap.17.
12.—Costs.
13.—Commencementofprosecutions.
14.—Prohibitingimportationofgoodsliabletoforfeiture.
15.—Vendorofgoodsdeemedtowarranttrademarkgenuine.
16.—Wheretradedescriptionappliedtogoodsofparticularclass.
17.—Thischapternottoexemptfromthesuitorproceeding.
18.—Falserepresentationastoroyalwarrant,orservicePenalty.
19.—Registeroftrademarks.
20.—Essentialsofapplicationforregistration.
21.—Essentialsofapplicationforregistration.
22.—Essentialsofapplicationforregistration.
23.—RulesandregulationstobemadebyColonialSecretary.
24.—Essentialsofapplicationforregistration.
25.—Feesonregistration.
26.—ColonialSecretarymayobjecttoregisterincertaincases.

27.
—Oncompliancewithrequirementsofchapter,registrationtotakeplace.
28.—Trademarkregisteredtoendurewithoutlimitation.
29.—Trademarksassignable.
30.—Fraudulentuseoftrademark,Penalty.
31.—Actionforinfringement.
32.—Rectificationofregister.
33.—Concurrentuser.
34.—Registrationtobeconclusiveaftersevenyears.
35.—NoticeofapplicationfortrademarkstobepublishedintheNewfoundland
Gazette,etc.
36.—Correctionofregister
37.—Non-completionofregistration

Offencesinrelationtotrademarks,Penalties,procedure,&c
§1.(1)Everypersonwho—

(a)Forgesanytrademark;or

(b)Falselyappliestogoodsanytrademark,oranymarksonearlyresemblinga
trademarkastobecalculatedtodeceive;or
(c)Makesanydie,block,machineorotherinstrumentforthepurposeofforging,
orofbeingusedforforging,atrademark;or
(d)Appliesanyfalsetradedescriptiontogoods;or

(e)Disposesorhasinhispossession,anydie,block,machine,orotherinstrument
forthepurposeofforgingatrademark;or
(f)Causesanyofthethingsaboveinthissectionmentionedtobedone,

shall,subjecttotheprovisionsofthisChapter,andunlessheprovesthatheacted
withoutintenttodefraud,beguiltyofanoffenceagainstthisChapter.

(2)Everypersonwhosells,orexposesforsale,orhasinhispossessionforsale,or
foranypurposeoftradeormanufacture,anygoodsorthingstowhichanyforgedtrade
markorfalsetradedescriptionisapplied,ortowhichanytrademark,ormarksonearly
resemblingatrademarkastobecalculatedtodeceive,isfalselyapplied,asthecase
maybe,shallbeguiltyofanyoffenceagainstthisChapter,unlessheproves—

(a)Thathavingtakenallreasonableprecautionsagainstcommittinganoffence
againstthisChapter,hehadatthetimeofthecommissionoftheallegedoffence,no
reasontosuspectthegenuinenessofthetrademark,mark,ortradedescription;and

(b)Thatondemandmadebyoronbehalfoftheprosecutor,hegaveall

informationinhispowerwithrespecttotheperson
sfromwhomheobtainedsuchgoods
orthings;or
(c)Thatotherwisehehadactedinnocently.

(3)EverypersonguiltyofanoffenceagainstthisChaptershallbeliable—

(a)Onconviction,onindictment,toimprisonment,withorwithouthardlabour,fora
termnotexceedingtwoyears,ortofine,ortobothimprisonmentandfine;and

(b)Onsummaryconviction,toimprisonment,withorwithouthardlabour,foraterm
notexceedingfourmonths,ortoafinenotexceedingonehundreddollars;andinthe
caseofasecondorsubsequentconviction,toimprisonment,withorwithouthard
labour,foratermnotexceedingsixmonths,ortoafinenotexceedingtwohundred
dollars,and
(c)Inanycase,toforfeittoHisMajestyeverychattel,article,instrument,orthing,
bymeansoforinrelationtowhichtheoffencehasbeencommitted.

(d)TheCourtbeforewhichanypersonisconvictedunderthissectionmayorder
anyforfeitedarticlestobedestroyed,orotherwisedisposedof,astheCourtthinksfit.

(e)IfanypersonfeelsaggrievedbyanyconvictionmadebyaCourtofsummary
jurisdiction,hemayappealtherefromtotheSupremeCourt.

(f)Anyoffenceforwhichapersonis,underthisChapter,liabletopunishment,on
summaryconviction,maybeprosecuted,andanyarticlesliabletobeforfeitedunder
thisChapterbyaCourtofsummaryjurisdiction,maybeforfeited:Providedthata
personchargedbeforeaCourtofsummaryjurisdictionwithanoffenceunderthis
section,shall,onappearingbeforetheCourt,andbeforethechargeisgoneinto,be
informedofhisrighttobetriedonindictment,andifherequires,betriedaccordingly.

Meaningofexpressionsandapplicationofprovisionsofchapter.
§2.(1)ForthepurposeofthisChapter—

Theexpression“trademark”meansatrademarkregisteredintheregisteroftrade
markskeptundertheprovisionsofthisChapterandincludesanytrademarkwhich,
eitherwithorwithoutregistration,isprotectedbylawinanyBritishpossessionorforeign
state,towhichtheprovisionsoftheonehundredandthirdsectionoftheImperial
“Patents,DesignsandTradeMarks’Act,1883,”oroftheninety-firstsectionofthe
Imperial“PatentsandDesignsAct,1907,”areunderorderinCouncilforthetimebeing
applicable.

Theexpression“tradedescription”meansanydescri
ption,statementorotherindication,
directorindirect.
(a)Astothenumber,quantity,measure,gaugeorweightofanygoods;or

(b)Astotheplaceorcountryinwhichanygoodsweremadeorproduced;or

(c)Astothemodeofmanufacturingorproducinganygoods;or

(d)Astothematerialofwhichanygoodsarecomposed;or

(e)Astoanygoodsbeingthesubjectofanexistingpatentprivilegeorcopyright,

andtheuseofanyfigure,word,ormarkwhich,accordingtothecustomofthetrade,is
commonlytakentobeanindicationofanyoftheabovematters,shallbedeemedtobe
atradedescriptionwithinthemeaningofthisChapter.

Theexpression“falsetradedescription,”meansatradedescriptionwhichisfalseina
materialrespectasregardsthegoodstowhichitisapplied,andincludesevery
alterationofatradedescription,whetherbywayofaddition,effacement,orotherwise,
wherethatalterationmakesthedescriptionfalseinamaterialrespect,andthefactthat
atradedescriptionisatrademark,orpartofatrademark,shallnotpreventsuchtrade
descriptionbeingafalsetradedescriptionwithinthemeaningofthisChapter.

Theexpression“goods,”meansanythingwhichisthesubjectoftrade,manufacture,or
merchandise;
Theexpressions“person,”“manufacturer,”“dealer,”or“trader,”and“proprietor,”include
anybodyofpersonswhethercorporateornot;
Theexpression“name,”includesanyabbreviationofaname.

(2)TheprovisionsofthisChapter,respectingtheapplicationofafalsetradedescription
togoods,shallextendtotheapplicationtogoodsofanysuchfigures,words,ormarks,
orarrangement,orcombinationthereof,whetherincludingatrademarkornot,asare
reasonablycalculatedtoleadpersonstobelievethatthegoodsarethemanufactureor
merchandiseofsomepersonotherthanthepersonwhosemanufactureormerchandise
theyreallyare.
(3)TheprovisionsofthisChapter,respectingtheapplicationofafalsetradedescription
togoods,orrespectinggoodstowhichafalsetradedescriptionisapplied,shallextend
totheapplicationtogoodsofanyfalsenameorinitialsofaperson,andtogoodswith
thefalsenameorinitialsofapersonapplied,inlikemannerasifsuchnameorinitials
wereatradedescription,andforthepurposeofthisenactmenttheexpressionfalse
nameorinitialsmeans,asappliedtoanygoods,anynameorinitialsofaperson
which—

(a)Arenotatrademark,orpartofatrademark;and

(b)Areidenticalwith,oracolourableimitationofthenameorinitialsofaperson
carryingonbusinessinconnectionwithgoodsofthesamedescription,andnothaving
authorizedtheuseofsuchnameorinitials;and
(c)Areeitherthoseoffictitiouspersonorofsomepersonnotbonafidecarryingon
businessinconnectionwithsuchgoods.
Whattobedeemedforgingatrademark
§3.Apersonshallbedeemedtoforgeatrademarkwhoeither—

(1)Withouttheassentoftheproprietorofthetrademark,makesthattrademark,
oramarksonearlyresemblingthattrademark,astobecalculatedtodeceive;or

(2)Falsifiesanygenuinetrademark,whetherbyalteration,addition,effacement,or
otherwise;
andanytrademarkormarkssomadeorfalsified,isinthisChapterreferredtoasa
forgedtrademark:Providedthatinanyprosecutionforforgingatrademark,theburden
ofprovingtheassentoftheproprietorshalllieonthedefendant.

Whattobedeemedapplyingatrademark.
§4.(1)Apersonshallbedeemedtoapplyatrademark,ormarkortrade
descriptiontogoods,who—
(a)Appliesittothegoodsthemselves;or

(b)Appliesittoanycovering,label,reel,orotherthinginorwithwhichthegoods
aresold,orexposed,orhadinpossessionforanypurposeofsale,tradeor
manufacture;or
(c)Places,encloses,orannexesanygoodswhicharesold,orexposed,orhadin
possessionforanypurposeofsale,tradeormanufacturein,with,ortoanycovering,
label,reel,orotherthingtowhichatrademarkortradedescriptionhasbeenapplied;or

(d)Usesatrademark,ormark,ortradedescriptioninanymannercalculatedto
leadtothebeliefthatthegoodsinconnectionwithwhichitisusedaredesignatedor
describedbythattrademarkortradedescription.
(2)Theexpression“covering”includesanystopper,cask,bottle,vessel,box,cover,
capsule,case,frameorwrapper;andtheexpression“label”includesanybandorticket.

Atrademark,ormarkortradedescription,shallb
edeemedtobeappliedwhetheritis
woven,impressed,orotherwiseworkedinto,orannexed,oraffixedtothegoods,orto
anycovering,label,reel,orotherthing.
(3)Apersonshallbedeemedtofalselyapplytogoodsatrademarkormarks,who,
withouttheassentoftheproprietorofatrademark,appliessuchtrademark,oramark
sonearlyresemblingitastobecalculatedtodeceive;butinanyprosecutionforfalsely
applyingatrademarkormarktogoods,theburdenofprovingtheassentofthe
proprietorshalllieonthedefendant.
Whatshallbeconsideredadefence
§5.Whereadefendantischargedwithmakinganydie,block,machine,orother
instrument,for
thepurposeofforging,orbeingusedforforging,atrademark,orwithfalselyapplyingto
goodsanytrademark,oranymarksonearlyresemblingatrademark,astobe
calculatedtodeceive,orwithapplyingtogoodsanyfalsetradedescription,orcausing
anyofthethingsinthissectionmentionedtobedone,andproves—

(1)Thatintheordinarycourseofhisbusinessheisemployed,onbehalfofother
persons,tomakedies,blocks,machines,orotherinstrumentsformaking,orbeingused
inmakingtrademarks,orasthecasemaybe,toapplymarksordescriptionstogoods,
andthatinthecasewhichisasubjectofthecharge,hewassoemployedbysome
personresidentinNewfoundland,andwasnotinterestedinthegoodsbywayofprofit
orcommissiondependentonthesaleofsuchgoods;and

(2)Thathetookreasonableprecautionsagainstcommittingtheoffencecharged;
and
(3)Thathehad,atthetimeofthecommissionoftheallegedoffence,noreasonto
suspectthegenuinenessofthetrademark,mark,ortradedescription;and

(4)Thathegavetotheprosecutoralltheinformationinhispowerwithrespectto
thepersonsonwhosebehalfthetrademark,mark,ortradedescriptionwasapplied,

heshallbedischargedfromtheprosecution,butshallbeliabletopaythecostsincurred
bytheprosecutor,unlesshehasgivenduenoticetohimthathewillrelyontheabove
defence.
Relatingtowatches.
§6.Whereawatchcasehasthereonanywordsormarkswhichconstitute,orare
bycommonreputeconsideredasconstitutingadescriptionofthecountryinwhichthe
watchwasmade,andthewatchbearsnodescriptionofthecountrywhereitwasmade,
thosewordsormarksshallprimafaciebedeemedtobeadescriptionofthatcountry
withinthemeaningofthisChapter,andtheprovisionsofthisChapterwithrespectto
goodstowhichafalsetradedescriptionhasbeenapplied,andwithrespecttosellingor
exposingfor,orhavinginpossessionfor,sale,oranypurposeoftradeormanufacture,

goodswithafalsetradedescription,shallapplya
ccordingly,andforthepurposesofthis
sectiontheexpression“watch”meansallthatportionofawatchwhichisnotthewatch
case.
Statementsinindictments.
§7.Inanyindictment,pleading,proceeding,ordocument,inwhichanytrademark
orforgedtrademarkisintendedtobementioned,itshallbesufficient,withoutfurther
descriptionandwithoutanycopyorfacsimile,tostatethattrademarkorforgedtrade
marktobeatrademarkorforgedtrademark.
Evidence.
§8.InanyprosecutionforanoffenceagainstthisChapter—

(1)Adefendant,andhiswifeorherhusband,asthecasemaybe,may,ifthe
defendantthinksfit,becalledasawitness,and,ifcalled,shallbeswornandexamined,
andmaybecross-examinedandre-examinedinlikemannerasanyotherwitness.

(2)Inthecaseofimportedgoods,evidenceoftheportofshipmentshallbeprima
facieevidenceoftheplaceorcountryinwhichthegoodsweremadeorproduced.

Accessories.
§9.Anypersonwho,beingwithinNewfoundland,procures,counsels,aids,abets,
orisaccessorytothecommission,withoutNewfoundland,ofanyact,which,if
committedinNewfoundland,wouldunderthisChapterbeamisdemeanour,shallbe
guiltyofthatmisdemeanourasprincipal,andbeliabletobeindicted,proceeded
against,tried,andconvictedinanyplaceinNewfoundlandinwhichhemaybe,asifthe
misdemeanourhadbeentherecommitted.
Searchwarrants,forfeiture,destructionofarticlesforfeited.
§10.(1)Where,uponinformationofanoffenceagainstthisChapter,aJusticehas
issuedeitherasummonsrequiringthedefendantchargedbysuchinformationtoappear
toanswertothesame,orawarrantforthearrestofsuchdefendant,andeitherthesaid
Justiceonorafterissuingthesummonsorwarrant,oranyotherJusticeissatisfiedby
informationonoaththatthereisreasonablecausetosuspectthatanygoodsorthings,
bymeansof,orinrelationto,whichsuchoffencehasbeencommitted,areinanyhouse
orpremisesofthedefendant,orotherwiseinhispossession,orunderhiscontrolinany
place,suchJusticemayissueawarrantunderhisland,byvirtueofwhichitshallbe
lawfulforanyconstable,namedorreferredtointhewarrant,toentersuchhouse,
premises,orplace,atanyreasonabletimebyday,andtosearchtherefor,andseize
andtakeaway,thosegoodsorthings;andanygoodsorthingsseizedunderanysuch
warrantshallbebroughtbeforeaCourtofsummaryjurisdictionforthepurposeofits
beingdeterminedwhetherthesameareorarenotliabletoforfeitureunderthisChapter.

(2)Iftheownerofanygoodsorthingswhich,if
theownerthereofhadbeen
convicted,wouldbeliabletoforfeitureunderthisChapter,isunknownorcannotbe
found,aninformationorcomplaintmaybelaidforthepurposeonlyofenforcingsuch
forfeiture,andacourtofsummaryjurisdictionmaycausenoticetobeadvertised,stating
thatunlesscauseisshowntothecontraryatthetimeandplacenamedinthenotice,
suchgoodsorthingswillbeforfeited,andatsuchtimeandplacetheCourt,unlessthe
owneroranypersononhisbehalf,orotherpersoninterestedinthegoodsorthings,
showscausetothecontrary,mayordersuchgoodsorthings,oranyofthem,tobe
forfeited.
(3)Anygoodsorthingsforfeitedunderthissection,orunderanyotherprovisionof
thisChapter,maybedestroyedorotherwisedisposedofinsuchmannerastheCourt
bywhichthesameareforfeitedmaydirect,andthecourtmay,outofanyproceeds
whichmayberealizedbythedispositionofsuchgoods(alltrademarksandtrade
descriptionsbeingfirstobliterated),awardtoanyinnocentpartyanylosshemayhave
innocentlysustainedindealingwithsuchgoods.
ApplicationofImperialAct22&23Vic.,Cap.17.
§11.TheImperialactofthesessionofthetwenty-secondandtwenty-thirdyearsof
thereignofherlateMajestyQueenVictoria,chapterseventeen,entitled“AnActto
preventvexatiousindictmentsforcertainmisdemeanours,”shallapplytoanyoffence
punishableonindictmentunderthisChapterinlikemannerasifsuchoffencewereone
oftheoffencesspecifiedinsectiononeofthatact.

Costs.
§12.OnanyprosecutionunderthisChapter,theCourtmayordercoststobepaidto
thedefendantbytheprosecutor,ortotheprosecutorbythedefendanthavingregardto
theinformationgivenbyandtheconductofthedefendantandprosecutorrespectively.

Commencementofprosecutions.
§13NoprosecutionforanoffenceagainstthisChaptershallbecommencedafter
theexpirationofthreeyearsnextafterthecommissionoftheoffence,oroneyearnext
afterthediscoverythereofbytheprosecutor,whicheverexpirationfirsthappens.

Prohibitingimportationofgoodsliabletoforfeiture.
§14.(1)AllgoodswhichifsoldinthisColonywouldbeliabletoforfeitureunderthis
Chapter,andalsoallgoodsofforeignmanufacture,bearinganynameortrademark
beingorpurportingtobethenameortrademarkofanymanufacturer,dealerortrader
intheUnitedKingdomorNewfoundland,unlesssuchnameortrademarkis
accompaniedbyadefiniteindicationofthecountryinwhichthegoodsweremadeor
produced,areherebyprohibitedtobeimportedintoNewfoundland,andsubjecttothe

provisionsofthissectionshallbeincludedamong
goodsprohibitedtobeimportedasif
theywerespecifiedinsection134ofChaptertwenty-twooftheseConsolidated
Statutes.
(2)Beforedetaininganysuchgoods,ortakinganyfurtherproceedingswithaview
totheforfeiturethereofunderthelawrelatingtothecustoms,theMinisterofFinance
andCustomsmayrequiretheregulationsunderthissection,whetherastoinformation,
security,conditionsorothermatters,tobecompliedwith,andmaysatisfyhimselfin
accordancewiththoseregulationsthatthegoodsaresuchasareprohibitedbythis
sectiontobeimported.
(3)TheMinisterofFinanceandCustomsmay,fromtimetotime,make,revokeand
varyregulations,eithergeneralorspecial,respectingthedetentionandforfeitureof
goods,theimportationofwhichisprohibitedbythissection,andtheconditions,ifany,
tobefulfilledbeforesuchdetentionandforfeiture,andmaybysuchregulations
determinetheinformation,noticesandsecuritytobegiven,andtheevidencerequisite
foranyofthepurposesofthissection,andthemodeofverificationofsuchevidence.

(4)Wherethereisonanygoodsanamewhichisidenticalwithoracolourable
imitationofthenameofaplaceintheUnitedKingdomorNewfoundland,thatname,
unlessaccompaniedbythenameofthecountryinwhichsuchplaceissituated,shallbe
treatedforthepurposesofthissectionasifitwerethenameofaplacein
Newfoundland.
(5)Suchregulationsmayapplytoallgoods,theimportationofwhichisprohibited
bythissection,ordifferentregulationsmaybemaderespectingdifferentclassesofsuch
goodsorofoffencesinrelationtosuchgoods.
(6)TheMinisterofFinanceandCustoms,inmakingandadministeringthe
regulations,andgenerallyintheadministrationofthissection,whetherintheexerciseof
anydiscretionoropinion,orotherwise,shallactunderthecontroloftheGovernorin
Council.
(7)TheregulationsmayprovidefortheinformantreimbursingtheMinisterof
FinanceandCustomsforallexpensesanddamagesincurredinrespectofany
detentionmadeonhisinformation,andofanyproceedingsconsequentonsuch
detention.
(8)AllregulationsunderthissubjectshallbepublishedintheRoyalGazette.

(9)ThissectionshallhaveeffectasifitwerepartofChaptertwenty-twoofthese
ConsolidatedStatutes.
Vendorofgoodsdeemedtowarranttrademarkgenuine.
§15.Onthesale,orinthecontractforthesale,ofanygoodstowhichatrademark,

ormark,ortradedescription,hasbeenapplied,th
evendorshallbedeemedtowarrant
thatthemarkisagenuinetrademarkandnotforgedorfalselyapplied,orthatthetrade
descriptionisnotafalsetradedescriptionwithinthemeaningofthisChapter,unlessthe
contraryisexpressedinsomewriting,signedbyoronbehalfofthevendor,and
deliveredatthetimeofthesaleorcontracttoandacceptedbythevendee.

Wheretradedescriptionappliedtogoodsofparticularclass.
§16.WhereatthepassingofthisChapteratradedescriptionislawfullyand
generallyappliedtogoodsofaparticularclass,ormanufacturedbyaparticularmethod,
toindicatetheparticularclassormethodofmanufactureofsuchgoods,theprovisions
ofthisChapterwithrespecttofalsetradedescriptionshallnotapplytosuchtrade
descriptionswhensoapplied;Providedthatwheresuchtradedescriptionincludesthe
nameofaplaceorcountry,andiscalculatedtomisleadastotheplaceorcountry
wherethegoodstowhichitisappliedwereactuallymadeorproduced,andthegoods
arenotactuallymadeorproducedinthatplaceorcountry,thissectionshallnotapply
unlessthereisaddedtothetradedescription,immediatelybeforeorafterthenameof
thatplaceorcountry,inanequallyconspicuousmannerwiththatname,thenameofthe
placeorcountryinwhichthegoodswereactuallymadeorproduced,withastatement
thattheyweremadeorproducedthere.
Thischapternottoexemptfromthesuitorproceeding.
§17.(1)ThisChaptershallnotexemptanypersonfromanyaction,suit,orother
proceedingwhichmight,butfortheprovisionsofthisChapter,bebroughtagainsthim.

(2)NothinginthisChaptershallentitleanypersontorefusetomakeacomplete
discovery,ortoansweranyquestionorinterrogatoryinanyaction,butsuchdiscovery
oranswershallnotbeadmissibleinevidenceagainstsuchpersoninanyprosecution
foranoffenceagainstthisChapter.
(3)NothinginthisChaptershallbeconstruedsoastorenderliabletoanyprosecution
orpunishmentanyservantofamasterresidentinNewfoundland,whobonafideactsin
obediencetotheinstructionsofsuchmaster,and,ondemandmadebyoronbehalfof
theprosecutor,hasgivenfullinformationastohismaster.

Falserepresentationastoroyalwarrant,orservicePenalty.
§18.Anypersonwhofalselyrepresentsthatanygoodsaremadebyaperson
holdingaroyalwarrant,orfortheserviceofHisMajesty,oranyoftheroyalfamily,or
anygovernmentdepartment,shallbeliable,onsummaryconviction,toapenaltynot
exceedingonehundreddollars.
Registeroftrademarks.
§19.AregisteroftrademarksshallbekeptattheofficeoftheColonialSecretary,in

whichanyproprietorofatrademarkmayhavethes
ameregisteredoncomplyingwith
theprovisionsofthisChapter.
Essentialsofapplicationforregistration.
§20.(1)ForthepurposesofthisChapter,atrademarkmustconsistoforcontainat
leastoneofthefollowingessentialparticulars:
(a)Anameofanindividualorfirmprinted,impressed,orwoveninsomeparticular
anddistinctivemanner;or
(b)Awrittensignatureorcopyofawrittensignatureoftheindividualorfirm
applyingforregistrationthereofasatrademark;or

(c)Adistinctivedevice,mark,brand,heading,labelorticket;or

(d)Aninventedwordorinventedwords;or

(e)Awordorwordshavingnodirectreferencetothecharacterorqualityofthe
goods,andnotbeingaccordingtoitsordinarysignificationageographicalnameora
surname.
(2)Theremaybeaddedtoanyoneormoreoftheessentialparticularsmentionedin
thissection,anyletters,wordsorfigures,oranyofthem;buttheapplicantfor
registrationofanysuchadditionalmattermuststateinhisapplicationtheessential
particularsofthetrademark,andmustdisclaiminhisapplicationanyrighttothe
exclusiveuseoftheaddedmatter,andacopyofthestatementanddisclaimershallbe
enteredontheregister.
(3)Providedasfollows:
(a)Apersonneednotunderthissectiondisclaimhisownnameortheforeign
equivalentthereof,orhisplaceofbusiness;butnoentryofanysuchnameshallaffect
therightofanyownerofthesamenametousethatnameortheforeignequivalent
thereof;
(b)Anyspecialanddistinctivewordorwords,letter,figureorcombinationofletters
orfigures,oroflettersandfiguresusedasatrademarkbeforethecomingintoforceof
theseConsolidatedStatutes,mayberegisteredasatrademarkunderthisChapter.

Essentialsofapplicationforregistration.
§21.Atrademarkmustberegisteredforparticulargoodsorclassesofgoods.

Essentialsofapplicationforregistration.

§22.
Atrademarkmayberegisteredinanycolourorcolours,andsuchregistration
shall(subjecttotheprovisionsofthisChapter)conferontheregisteredownerthe
exclusiverighttousethesameinthatoranyothercolourorcolours.

RulesandregulationstobemadebyColonialSecretary
§23.TheColonialSecretary,subjecttotheapprovaloftheGovernorinCouncil,may
makerulesandregulations,andadoptformsforthepurposesofthisChapteras
respectstrademarks,andalldocumentsexecutedaccordingtothesame,andaccepted
bytheColonialSecretary,shallbedeemedtobevalidsofarasrelatestoofficial
proceedingsunderthisChapter.
Feesonregistration.
§24.Theproprietorofatrademarkmayhaveitregisteredonforwardingtothe
ColonialSecretary,togetherwiththefeehereinaftermentioned,adrawingand
descriptioninduplicateofsuchtrademark,andadeclarationthatthesamewasnotin
usetohisknowledgebyanyotherpersonthanhimselfatthetimeofhisadoption
thereof.
ColonialSecretarymayobjecttoregisterincertaincases.
§25.(1)Beforeanyactionistakeninrelationtoanapplicationforregisteringatrade
mark,thefollowingfeesshallbepaidtotheColonialSecretary,thatistosay:—
Oneveryapplicationtoregisteratrademark,includingcertificate$20.00

Fortherecordingofanassignment$1.00
SuchfeestobepaidbytheColonialSecretarytotheMinisterofFinanceand
CustomsfortheuseoftheColony.
(2)IftheColonialSecretaryrefusestoregisterthetrademarkforwhich
applicationismade,thefeeshallbereturnedtotheapplicantorhisagent,lessfive
dollars,whichshallberetainedascompensationforofficeexpenses.

Oncompliancewithrequirementsofchapter,registrationtotakeplace.
§26.TheColonialSecretarymayobjecttoregisteranytrademarkinthefollowing
cases:
(1)Ifthetrademarkproposedforregistrationisidenticalwithorresemblesa
trademarkalreadyregistered.
(2)Ifitappearsthatthetrademarkiscalculatedtodeceiveormisleadthe
public.

(3)Ifthetrademarkcontainsanyimmoralityorscanda
lousfigure.

(4)Iftheso-calledtrademarkdoesnotcontaintheessentialsnecessaryto
constituteatrademarkproperlyspeaking.
Trademarkregisteredtoendurewithoutlimitation.
§27.OncompliancewiththerequirementsofthisChapter,andoftherules
hereinbeforeprovidedfor,theColonialSecretaryshallregisterthetrademarkofthe
proprietorsoapplying,andshallreturntothesaidproprietoronecopyofthedrawing
anddescriptionwithacertificate,signedbytheColonialSecretary,totheeffectthatthe
saidtrademarkhasbeendulyregisteredinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthis
Chapter;andtheday,monthandyearoftheentryofthetrademarkintheregistershall
alsobesetforthinsuchcertificate;andeverysuchcertificatepurportingtobesosigned
shallbereceivedinallcourtsinNewfoundlandasprimafacieevidenceofthefact
thereinallegedwithoutproofofthesignature.
Trademarkregisteredtoendurewithoutlimitation.
§28.Atrademark,onceregisteredanddestinedtobethesignintradeofthe
proprietorthereof,shallendurewithoutlimitation.

Trademarksassignable.
§29.Everytrademarkdulyregisteredshallbeassignableinlaw,andonthe
assignmentbeingproduced,andthefeehereinbeforeprescribedbeingpaid,the
ColonialSecretaryshallcausethenameoftheassignee,withthedateofthe
assignmentandsuchotherdetailsasheshallseefit,tobeenteredonthemarginofthe
registeroftrademarks,onthefoliowheresuchtrademarkisregistered.

Fraudulentuseoftrademark,Penalty.
§30.Everypersonotherthanthepersonwhohasregisteredthetrademark,who
marksanygoods,oranyarticleofanydescriptionwhatsoever,withanytrademark
registeredundertheprovisionsofthisChapter,orwithanypartofsuchtrademark,
whetherbyapplyingsuchtrademark,oranypartthereof,tothearticleitselfortoany
packageorthingcontainingsucharticle,orbyusinganypackageorthingsomarked
whichhasbeenusedbytheproprietorofsuchtrademark,orwhoknowinglysellsor
offersforsaleanyarticlemarkedwithsuchtrademark,orwithanypartthereof,withthe
intenttodeceiveandtoinduceanypersontobelievethatsucharticlewas
manufactured,produced,compounded,packedorsoldbytheproprietorofsuchtrade
mark,isguiltyofamisdemeanourandliableforeachoffencetoafinenotexceeding
onehundreddollarsandnotlessthantwentydollars,whichfineshallbepaidtothe
proprietorofsuchtrademark,togetherwiththecostsincurredinenforcingand
recoveringthesame.

(1)Everycomplaintunderthissectionshallbemadebytheproprietorofsuch
trademark,orbysomeoneactingonhisbehalfandthereuntodulyauthorized.

Actionforinfringement.
§31.Anactionorsuitmaybemaintainedbyanyproprietorofatrademark,which
hasbeenregisteredinpursuanceofthisChapter,againstanypersonwhouseshis
registeredtrademark,oranyfraudulentimitationthereof,orwhosellsanyarticle
bearingsuchtrademarkoranysuchimitationthereof,orcontainedinanypackage,
beingorpurportingtobehis,contrarytotheprovisionsofthisChapter.

Rectificationofregister.
§32.SubjecttotheprovisionsofthisChapter:

(a)TheCourtmay,ontheapplicationofanypersonaggrievedbythenon-insertion
inoromissionfromtheregisterofanyentry,orbyanyentrymadeintheregisterwithout
sufficientcause,orbyanyentrywronglyremainingontheregister,orbyanyerroror
defectinanyentryintheregister,makesuchorderformaking,expungingorvarying
suchentry,asitmaythinkfit.
(b)TheCourtmayinanyproceedingunderthissectiondecideanyquestionthatit
maybenecessaryorexpedienttodecideinconnectionwiththerectificationofthe
register.
(c)Incaseoffraudintheregistrationortransmissionofaregisteredtrademark,
theRegistrarmayhimselfapplytotheCourtundertheprovisionsofthissection.

(d)AnyorderoftheCourtrectifyingtheregistershalldirectthatnoticeofthe
rectificationshallbeservedupontheRegistrarwhoshalluponreceiptofsuchnotice
rectifytheregisteraccordingly.
(e)Anyapplicationmadeunderthissectionshallbemadebynoticeofmotion
whichmustbeservedupontheRegistrar.
Concurrentuser.
§33.Incaseofhonestconcurrentuserorofotherspecialcircumstanceswhich,in
theopinionoftheCourtmakeitpropersotodo,theCourtmaypermittheregistrationof
thesametrademarkorofnearlyidenticaltrademarksforthesamegoodsordescription
ofgoodsbymorethanoneproprietorsubjecttosuchconditionsandlimitations,ifany,
astomodeorplaceofuserorotherwiseastheCourtmaythinkitrighttoimpose.

Registrationtobeconclusiveaftersevenyears.

§34.Inalllegalproceedingsrelatingtoaregisteredtrademarkincludingapplications
underSection32hereof,theoriginalregistrationofsuchtrademarkshallafterthe
expirationofsevenyearsfromthedateofsuchoriginalregistrationorsevenyearsfrom
thecomingintooperationofthisAct,whichevershallhappenlast,betakentobevalidin
allrespectsunlesssuchoriginalregistrationwasobtainedbyfraud,orunlessthetrade
markoffendsagainsttheprovisionsofSection26ofthisChapter:Providedthatnothing
hereinshallentitletheproprietorofaregisteredtrademarktointerferewithorrestrain
theuserbyanypersonofasimilartrademarkuponorinconnectionwithgoodsuponor
inconnectionwithwhichsuchpersonhas,byhimselforhispredecessorsinbusiness,
continuouslyusedsuchtrademarkfromadateanteriortotheuserorregistration
whicheveristheearlierofthefirstmentionedtrademarkbytheproprietorthereoforhis
predecessorsinbusiness,ortoobjectonsuchuserbeingproved,tosuchpersonbeing
putupontheregisterforsuchsimilartrademarkinrespectofsuchgoodsunderthe
provisionsofSection33hereof.
NoticeofapplicationfortrademarkstobepublishedintheNewfoundlandGazette,etc.
§35.NotrademarkshallberegisteredunderorbyvirtueofthisChapteruntilnotice
shallhavebeenpublishedintheNewfoundlandGazetteandonedailynewspaper
publishedinSt.John’sonceweeklyforatleastfourweeks,oftheintentionofthe
applicanttoapplyforregistrationofsuchtrademark;andsuchnoticeshallcontain,in
generalterms,thedescriptionofthetrademarkandtheparticulargoodsorclassesof
goodsforwhichsuchregistrationshallbedesired.

Correctionofregister
§36.(1)TheCommissionerforHomeAffairsandEducationmayonrequestmadein
writingbytheregisteredproprietor—
(a)correctanyerrorinthename,addressordescriptionoftheregisteredproprietor
ofatrademark;
(b)enteranychangeinthename,addressordescriptionofthepersonwhois
registeredasaproprietorofatrademark;
(c)canceltheentryofatrademarkontheregister;

(d)strikeoutanygoodsorclassesofgoodsfromthoseinrespectofwhichatrade
markisregistered;or
(e)enteradisclaimerormemorandumrelatingtoatrademarkwhichdoesnotin
anywayextendtherightsgivenbytheexistingregistrationofthetrademark.

(2)AnydecisionoftheCommissionerunderthissectionshallbesubjecttoappealtothe
SupremeCourt.

Non-completionofregistration

§37.(1)Whereregistrationofatrademarkisnotcompletedwithintwelvemonths
fromthedateofapplicationbyreasonofdefaultonthepartoftheapplicant,the
CommissionerforHomeAffairsandEducationmay,aftergivingnoticeinwritingofthe
non-completiontotheapplicantorhisagentinNewfoundland,treattheapplicationas
abandonedunlessitiscompletedwithinthetimespecifiedinthatbehalfinthenotice.

(2)Whereanapplicationistreatedasabandonedundertheprovisionsofsubsection(1)
ofthissection,thefee,lessthesumoffivedollars,shallbereturnedtotheapplicantor
hisagentinNewfoundland.

ROBIC,ungrouped’avocatsetd’agentsdebrevetsetdemarquesdecommerce
vouédepuis1892àlaprotectionetàlavalorisationdelapropriétéintellectuelledans
touslesdomaines:brevets,dessinsindustrielsetmodèlesutilitaires;marquesde
commerce,marquesdecertificationetappellationsd’origine;droitsd’auteur,
propriétélittéraireetartistique,droitsvoisinsetdel’artisteinterprète;informatique,
logicielsetcircuitsintégrés;biotechnologies,pharmaceutiquesetobtentions
végétales;secretsdecommerce,know-howetconcurrence;licences,franchiseset
transfertsdetechnologies;commerceélectronique,distributionetdroitdesaffaires;
marquage,publicitéetétiquetage;poursuite,litigeetarbitrage;vérificationdiligente
etaudit.ROBIC,agroupoflawyersandofpatentandtrademarkagentsdedicated
since1892totheprotectionandthevalorizationofallfieldsofintellectualproperty:
patents,industrialdesignsandutilitypatents;trademarks,certificationmarksand
indicationsoforigin;copyrightandentertainmentlaw,artistsandperformers,
neighbouringrights;computer,softwareandintegratedcircuits;biotechnologies,
pharmaceuticalsandplantbreeders;tradesecrets,know-how,competitionandanti-
trust;licensing,franchisingandtechnologytransfers;e-commerce,distributionand
businesslaw;marketing,publicityandlabelling;prosecutionlitigationandarbitration;
duediligence.
COPYRIGHTER
IDEASLIVEHERE
ILATOUTDEMÊMEFALLUL’INVENTER!
LAMAÎTRISEDESINTANGIBLES
LEGERROBICRICHARD
NOSFENÊTRESGRANDESOUVERTESSURLEMONDEDESAFFAIRES
PATENTER

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ROBIC
ROBIC+DROIT+AFFAIRES+SCIENCES+ARTS
ROBIC++++
ROBIC+LAW+BUSINESS+SCIENCE+ART
THETRADEMARKERGROUP
TRADEMARKER
VOSIDÉESÀLAPORTÉEDUMONDE,DESAFFAIRESÀLA
GRANDEURDELA
PLANÈTE
YOURBUSINESSISTHEWORLDOFIDEAS;OURBUSINESSBRINGSYOUR
IDEASTOTHEWORLD
Trade-marksofROBIC,
LLP(“ROBIC”)